matematika



Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola

Ellipse with center C(x_0 \textrm{ , } y_0) and major axis parallel to x axis

Hyperbola
Length of major axis A^'A = 2a
Length of minor axis B^'B = 2b
Distance from center C to focus F or F^' is
c = \sqrt{a^2 - b^2}
Eccentricity = \epsilon = \frac{c}{a} = \frac{\sqrt{a^2 - b^2}}{a}
Equation in rectangular coordinates:
\frac{(x - x_0)^2}{a^2} + \frac{(y - y_0)^2}{b^2} = 1
Equation in polar coordinates if C is at O:
r^2 = \frac{a^2b^2}{a^2 \textrm{ sin }^2 \theta + b^2 \textrm{ cos }^2 \theta}
Equation in polar coordinates if C is on x axis and F^' is at O:
r = \frac{a(1 - c^2)}{1 - c \textrm{ cos } \theta}
If P is any point on the ellipse, PF + PF^' = 2a
If the major axis is parallel to the y axis, interchange x and y in the above or replace \theta by \frac{1}{2}\pi - \theta [or 90^\circ - \theta]

Parabola with axis parallel to x axis

If vertex is at A(x_0 \textrm{ , } y_0) and the distance from A to focusf is a > 0, the equation of the parabola is if parabola opens to right

(y - y_0)^2 = 4a(x - x_0)
Parabola

If parabola opens to left
(y - y_0)^2 = -4a(x - x_0)
If parabola opens to left

If focus is at the origin the equation in polar coordinates is
r = \frac{2a}{1 - \textrm{ cos } \theta}

Parabola If parabola opens to left

In case the axis is parallel to the y axis, interchange x and y or replace \theta by \frac{1}{2}\pi - \theta [or 90^\circ - \theta].

Hyperbola with center C(x_0 \textrm{ , } y_0) and major axis parallel to x axis

Hyperbola
Length of major axis A^'A = 2a
Length of minor axis B^'B = 2b
Distance from center C to focus F or F^' is
c = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}
Eccentricity = \epsilon = \frac{c}{a} = \frac{\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}}{a}
Equation in rectangular coordinates:
\frac{(x - x_0)^2}{a^2} - \frac{(y - y_0)^2}{b^2} = 1
Slopes of asymptotes G^'H and GH^' = \pm \frac{b}{a}
Equation in polar coordinates if C is at O:
r^2 = \frac{a^2b^2}{b^2 \textrm{ cos }^2 \theta - a^2 \textrm{ sin }^2 \theta}
Equation in polar coordinates if C is on X axis and F^' is at O:
r = \frac{a(c^2 - 1)}{1 - \epsilon \textrm{ cos } \theta}
If P is any point on the hyperbola, PF - PF^' = \pm 2a [depending on branch]
If the major axis is parallel to the y axis, interchange x and y in the above or replace \theta by \frac{1}{2}\pi - \theta [or 90^\circ - \theta].


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