Hmm. Maybe, they are the following three equations:
1. [tex]\triangle E = \triangle M * c^{2}[/tex];
2. [tex]W = H = P.E. + K.E. = M + E[/tex];
3. [tex]i \hbar \frac{\partial \Psi}{\partial t} = H \Psi[/tex].
Why?
To answer why completely, we may need to write a book!
Okay, here's a try. Those three equations can explain the most we know about energy.
Relevant Reference Link:
'Top Ten Most Beautiful Equations in Physics',
https://owlcation.com/stem/Top-Ten-Beautiful-Physics-Equations.

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