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Sine Rule

In a triangle ABC the area is:

S = a.c.sin(B)/2 = b.c.sin(A)/2 = a.b.sin(C)/2

=>

a.c.sin(B) = b.c.sin(A) = a.b.sin(C)

dividing through by a.b.c, we get the sine formula

a
sin(A)
=
b
sin(B)
=
c
sin(C)

Say R is the radius of the circle with center O through the points A,B and C(for every 3 points that do not lie in a line there is 1 circle that the points belong to) of triangle ABC.

circle, triangle

Let B' be the second intersection point of BO and the circle. The angle B' in triangle BB'C is equal to A, and the triangle BB'C is a right triangle
=> a = 2Rsin(B') = 2Rsin(A) then we have:

a
sin(A)
=
b
sin(B)
=
c
sin(C)
= 2R

Cosine(Cos) Rule

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2 b c cos(A)
b2 = c2 + a2 - 2 c a cos(B)
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2 a b cos(C)
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